EUROPEAN PAPER AND WATERMARKS IN THE QURAN COPY OF TUBAGUS MUSTOFA BAKRI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31291/jlka.v20i1.1016Keywords:
Quran, Watermark, Paper, European PaperAbstract
ABSTRACT
A Quran copy written by Tubagus Mustofa Bakri (TMB) stored in the oldest mosque in Bogor, West Java, was claimed to have been existed since the 14th century and became a wide public attention. However, the use of European paper and the watermarks in this Quran copy could indicate the otherwise. This study examines the use of European paper and watermarks in the Quran copy by TMB to confirm whether the reported time of publication (by the descendants of TMB) confirms with philological identifiers in the manuscript. This study employs a qualitative research design with descriptive analysis methods. Data were collected from direct observations in the field and interviews with key informants. The data were then analyzed using descriptive analysis method. Research finding indicates that there is information discrepancy regarding the time of Quran rewriting. Based on the analysis of the paper used, European paper only began to circulate in Nusantara around the 17th –18th century AD. The watermark in the Quran was also unique to the emblem produced between the 17th–18th centuries AD. The present study concludes that Quran copy made by Tubagus Mustofa Bakri was more likely copied between the 17–18th centuries, hence the claimed date of publication in the 14th century might not be accurate. With this finding, this study contributes in providing more accurate historical fact about Quran copy written by a prominent Islam preacher in West Java, Tubagus Mustofa Bakri.Â
 Keyword: Quran, watermark, paper, European paper
Â
Â
ABSTRAK
Salinan Al-Qur’an yang ditulis tangan oleh Tubagus Mustofa Bakri diketahui sebagai Al-Qur’an yang ada sejak abad ke-14. Namun, pengÂgunaan kertas Eropa dan tanda air (watermark) dalam manuskrip tersebut mengindikasikan perbedaan waktu. Penelitian ini mengkaji penggunaan kertas Eropa dan cap kertas yang terdapat dalam Al-Qur’an salinan Tubagus Mustofa Bakri (disingkat TMB), untuk menjawab pertanyaan: ApaÂÂkah terdapat kesesuaian antara waktu pembuatan Al-Qur’an sebagaiÂmaÂna disampaikan oleh keturunan TMB dengan informasi filologisnya (jenis kertas dan watermark)? Penelitian ini menggunakan desain peneÂlitian kualiÂtatif dengan model analisis deskriptif. Data penelitian dikumÂpulkan melalui pengamatan langsung di lapangan dan wawancara terhaÂdap narasumber. Data kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif. Data analisis menunjukkan adanya ketidakÂsesuaian data terkait waktu penyalinan Al-Quran. Data filologis menunjukkab bahwa kertas yang digunakan Al-Qur’an ini adalah kertas Eropa yang mulai berÂedar di Nusantara sekitar abad ke 17–18 Masehi. Selain itu, konversi cap kertas yang terdapat pada kertas Al-Qur’an juga memperliÂhatkan bahwa cap kertas tersebut merupakan ciri khas di abad ke 17–18 Masehi. PeneÂlitian menyimpulkan bahwa Al-Qur’an salinan Tubagus Mustofa Bakri diperkirakan ditulis pada sekitar abad ke-17–18 Masehi, bukan pada abad ke-14 Masehi sebagaimana informasi anak keturunan TMB. Dengan demiÂkian, penelitian ini meluruskan informasi yang berkembang di masyarakat terkait fakta sejarah al-Qur’an yang disalin oleh penyebar Islam di Jawa Barat ini.
 Kata kunci: Al-Quran, Cap Kertas, Kertas, Kertas Eropa
Downloads
References
Books
Akbar, Ali. “Filologi Dan Islam Indonesia.†Jakarta: Kemente¬rian Agama RI, 2010.
Bloom, Jonathan. Paper Before Print: The History and Impact of Paper in the Islamic World. Singapore: CS Graphics, 2001.
Churchill, William Algernon. Watermarks in Paper: In Holland, England, France, Etc. In the XVII and XVIII Centuries and Their Iinterconnection. Amsterdam: Menno Hertzberger & Co, 1965.
Hakim, Abdul. “Penyalinan Al-Qur’an Kuno Di Sumenep.†Suhuf 9, no. 2 (2016).
Heawood, Edward. Watermarks: Mainly of the 17th and 18th Centuries. Holland: The Paper Publications Society, 1950.
Hermani, Yusuf, and B Tulusna. Penelusuran Arsip Statis Seja-rah Pembangunan. Bogor: Kantor Arsip dan Perpustaka¬an Daerah Kabupaten Bogor, 2015.
Hunter, Dard. Paper Making: The History and Technique of an Ancient Craft. United Kingdom: Constable and Company, Ltd, 1974.
Mulyadi, Sri Wulan Rujiati. Kodikologi Melayu Di Indonesia. Depok: Fakultas Sastra UI, 1994.
Robson, Stuart Owen. Prinsip-Prinsip Filologi Indonesia. Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, 1994.
Turner, Silvie. The Book of Fine Paper. London: Thames and Hudson, 1998.
Waley, M.I. Islami Codicology: An Introduction to The Study of Manuscript in Arabic Script. London: Al-Furqon Islamic Heritage Foundation, 2005.
Journal articles
Gusmiah, Islah. “Manuskrip Keagamaan Di Masjid Popongan: Kajian Kodikologi Dan Pemetaan Isi.†Dinika 2 (2017): 249–274.
Lewincamp, Sophie. “Watermarks within the Middle Eastern Manuscript Collection of the Baillieu Library.†The Australian Library Journal 61, no. 2 (2012): 95–104.
Rohmana, Jajang A. “Empat Manuskrip Al-Qur’an Di Subang Jawa Barat (Studi Kodikologi Manuskrip Al-Qur’an).†Wawasan 1, no. 3 (2018): 1–16.
Wardah, Eva Syarifah. “Kajian Kondisi Fisik Dan Seluk-Beluk Pernaskahan (Kodikologi).†Tsaqofah 10, no. 1 (2012).
Yahya, Farouk, and Rusell Jones. “Malay Manuscript: A Guide to Paper and Watermarks. The Collected Works of Russell Jones 1972–2015.†Indonesia and the Malay World 49, no. 144 (2021). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/136398 11.2021.1939521.
Websites
Boekwinkeltjes. nl. “Pannekoek, WW&H-Blank Sheet of Laid Paper with
Watermark W.†https://www.boekwinkeltjes.nl/b/202375203/-Blank-sheet-of-laid/.
Wiesmüller, Beate. “The Watermark from The Refaiya-Library.†Terj. The German by Steven Black, 2008. https://www.refaiya.uni-leipzig. de/texts/Watermarks_Refaiya.pdf
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 The Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.