New Media dan Pergeseran Otoritas Keagamaan Islam di Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31291/jlk.v10i1.178Keywords:
new media, old media, traditional outority, impersonalization, decentralizationAbstract
New media affects fundamental changes in religious life. The change was apparent in the shift from traditional religious authorities, such as ulama (clergy), murshid, religious teachers or ustad, government, and non-governÂmental organizations, to modern religious authorities. With the waÂning of traÂditional religious authority, due to the development of inforÂmation techÂnology of new media, religious authorities are now in the hand of imperÂsonal media, such as books, websites, blogs, and the like. New media has created new social environments that facilitate spiritual interaction, create new auÂthoÂrities and legitimize actions of the religious community. ProÂgresÂsiveÂness and openness of new media has driven the acceleration process of “rejuÂveÂnaÂtion of ulamaâ€.Downloads
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Bunt, Gary R. 2009. Muslim: Rewiring the House of Islam. Carolina; The University of North Carolina Press.
-----. 2003. Islam in the Digital Age: E-Jihad, Online Fatwas and Cyber Islamic Environments. London: Pluto Press.
Burhanudin. Jajat, dan Ahmad Baedhowi, 2003. Transformasi Otoritas Keaga¬ma¬an: Pengalaman Islam Indonesia. Jakarta: Gramedia Pus¬taka Utama bekerja¬sama dengan PPIM, UIN Jakarta dan Basic Education Project, Depag.
Cline, Austin. “What Is Authority?â€, http://atheism.about.com/od/ religiousauthority/a/whatisauthority.htm.
Crosbie, Vin. “Rebuilding Mediaâ€. Jakarta: Kemenag, Kumpulan Makalah ACIS X, 2010 di Samarinda.
Dahlan, Alwi. “Understanding the New Mediaâ€, http://www.thejakartapost.com/ news/2011/12/22/understanding-new-media-part2-2.html. Diakses 27 September 2012.
Dale F. Eickelman dan John W. Anderson, 2003. New Media in the Muslim Morld: The Emerging Public Sphere. Bloomington: Indiana Univer¬sity Press.
Dale F. Eickelman. 2005. “New Media in the Arab Middle East and the Emergence of Open Societies’, dalam Robert W. Hefner (ed.), Remaking Muslim Politics: Pluralism, Contestation, Democratiza¬tion. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Dawson, Lorne. 2001. “Researching Religion in Cyberspace: Issues and Strategies,†dalam Jeffery Hadden dan Douglas Cowan, eds., Reli¬gion on the Internet: Research Prospects andPromises, Religion and the Social Order, Vol. 8. New York: JAI Press.
Debbie Herring. 2005. “Virtual as Contextual: A Net News Theology†dalam Morten T. Hojsgaard dan Margit Warburg, eds., Religion and Cyber¬space. New York: Routledge.
Gaborieau, Marc. 2010. “Redefining Religious Authority in South Asian Muslimsâ€, dalam Azra, Azyumardi, Kees van Dijk, dan Nico JG Kaptein, Varieties of Religious Authority: Changes and Challenges in 20th Century Indonesian Islam. Singapore: ISEAS.
Gunawan, 2012. “Masa Depan Self Publishingâ€, Republika 12 Juni.
Hooker, MB. 2003. Islam Mazhab Indonesia: Fatwa-Fatwa dan Perubahan Sosial, (terj.). Jakarta: Teraju.
http://blog.tempointeraktif.com/buku/self-publishing-2/.
http://www.miumipusat.org
Irwansyah. 2010. Teknologi Komunikasi Sebagai Eksistensi Kekerabatan: Studi Analisa Jaringan Sosial Kekerabatan Berbasis Teknologi Komunikasi Telepon Seluler. Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia.
J. DeLong-Bas, Natana. 2012. “The New Social Media and the Arab Spring†http://www.¬oxfordislamicstudies.-com/Public/focus/¬essay¬0611¬¬¬_social_media.html. Diakses 30 September.
Kramer, Gudrun, and Sabine Schmidtke. 2006. Speaking for Islam: Religious Authorities in Muslim Societies. Leiden: Brill.
Kuntowijoyo. 2003. Muslim Tanpa Masjid. Bandung: Mizan.
Lasica, J.D. http://www.ojr.org/ojr/workplace/1060217106.php.
Mahbunani, Kishore. 2011. Asia Hemissfer Baru Dunia,Pergeseran Kekuatan Global ke Timur yang Tak Terelakkan, terj. Bambang Murtianto. Jakarta: Kompas.
Manovich, Lev. 2003. “New Media From Borges to HTMLâ€, The New Media Reader. Ed. Noah Wardrip-Fruin dan Nick Montfort. Cambridge & Massachusetts.
MUI Surakarta. 2011. Kritik Evaluasi dan Dekonstruksi Gerakan Deradika¬lisasi Aqidah Muslimin di Indonesia. Surakarta: MUI.
Nurudin. 2010. Citizen Journalism Sebagai Katarsis Baru Masyarakat. Malang: Penerbit: Buku Litera, DP2M DIKTI, DP2M UMM).
Sardar, Ziaudin. 2003. Islam, Postmodernisme, and the Future. London: Pluto Press.
Teusner, Paul Emerson dan Cambell, Heidi A. 2012. “Religious Authority in the Age of the Internetâ€, http//www.baylor.edu. Diakses 1 Oktober.
Tilly, Charles. 2001. The Dinamics of Contentious. New York: Cambridge University Press.
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Published
2012-06-29
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Articles
How to Cite
New Media dan Pergeseran Otoritas Keagamaan Islam di Indonesia. (2012). Jurnal Lektur Keagamaan, 10(1), 181-208. https://doi.org/10.31291/jlk.v10i1.178
