Media Baru, Fragmentasi Dan Kontestasi Otoritas Keagamaan Di Aceh: Dari Ulama Lokal Ke Ustaz
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31291/jlka.v18i2.806Keywords:
fragmentasi, Kontestasi, Media Baru, Otoritas KeagamaanAbstract
This article discusses the 'shift' and ‘contestation' of religious authority in Aceh. The emergence of the ustadz Salafi through new media has fragmentation traditional religious authorities and at the same time has been created religious contestation in Aceh. Interestingly, the contestation occurred among between fellow traditional religious authorities, not but between new religious authority and traditional religious authority (or vice versa). This study used field research collaborated with the netnography (online) of "local ulama" (abu, waled, teungku) and "ustaz Salafi". The study indicated that not all religious actors who are born through new media are said to be ‘lumpen-intelligentsia', namely religious actors who don’t have solid "religious knowledge". On the one hand, the consequence of "technological determinism" gave birth to "democratization of religious knowledge" which led to fragmentation of religious authority, shifting and contestation of religious authority. The emergence of the ustadz Salafi and the delocalization of their religious messages through online media also resulted in delocalized religious messages to wider regional, regional and religious boundaries.
Keywords: authority, contestation, fragmentation, new media.
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Tulisan ini mengkaji tentang fragmentasi dan kontestasi otoritas keagamaan di Aceh. Kemunculan ustaz Salafi melalui media baru membuat otoritas keagamaan tradisional di Aceh mengalami fragmentasi dan secara bersamaan menimbulkan kontestasi otoritas keagamaan. Yang menarik, kontestasi otoritas keagamaan tersebut terjadi antar sesama otoritas keagamaan tradisional, bukan melainkan antara otoritas keagamaan baru dengan otoritas keagamaan tradisional (atau sebaliknya). Kajian ini menggunakan penelitian lapangan (field research) yang dikolaborasikan dengan netnografi (online) “ulama lokal†(abu, waled, teungku) dan “ustaz Salafiâ€. Kajian ini menunjukan bahwa tidak semua aktor keagamaan yang terlahir melalui media baru dikatakan sebagai lumpen-inteligentsia’ yaitu agamawan yang tidak memiliki keilmuan agama yang kokoh. Ini dapat ditunjukkan melalui hasil kajian penulis atas kemunculan ustaz Salafi yang berdakwah melalui media baru. Kehadiran ustaz Salafi menggeser ulama lokal hingga memberikan tantangan bagi otoritas keagamaan ulama lokal. Konsekuensi dari ‘determinisme teknologi’ (determism of technology) melahirkan "demokratisasi pengetahuan agama†yang menyebabkan terjadinya fragmentasi dan kontestasi otoritas keagamaan. Munculnya ustaz Salafi dan delokalisasi pesan-pesan keagamaannya melalui media online juga berdampak terhadap pesan-pesan keagamaan terdelokalisasi ke batas-batas wilayah, daerah dan keagamaan yang lebih luas.
Kata Kunci: fragmentasi, kontestasi, media baru, otoritas keagamaan.
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Website
https://acehmonitor.com/surat-terbuka-kepada-abu-furaihan-ini-isinya/,diakses pada tanggal 15 Oktober 2019.
www.mediasunnahaceh.com; Instagram: @mediasunnahaceh; Facebook: Media Sunah Aceh; Youtube: Media Sunnah Aceh; Radio: Syiar Tauhid Aceh 96,1 FM.
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